Life (root) » Plantae (plants) » Tracheophyta (Vascular Plants) » Angiospermae (Flowering Plants) » Magnoliopsida (Dicots) » Caryophyllales (pinks, cactuses, and allies) » Polygonaceae (knotweed family) » Polygonoideae » Persicarieae » Persicariinae » Persicaria (knotweeds, smartweeds, and waterpeppers)

Life (root) » Plantae (plants) » Tracheophyta (Vascular Plants) » Angiospermae (Flowering Plants) » Magnoliopsida (Dicots) » Caryophyllales (pinks, cactuses, and allies) » Polygonaceae (knotweed family) » Polygonoideae » Persicarieae » Persicariinae » Persicaria (knotweeds, smartweeds, and waterpeppers) » Persicaria virginiana (American jumpseed)

Life (root) » Plantae (plants) » Tracheophyta (Vascular Plants) » Angiospermae (Flowering Plants) » Magnoliopsida (Dicots) » Caryophyllales (pinks, cactuses, and allies) » Polygonaceae (knotweed family) » Polygonoideae » Persicarieae » Persicariinae » Persicaria (knotweeds, smartweeds, and waterpeppers) » Persicaria maculosa (spotted lady's thumb)

Life (root) » Plantae (plants) » Tracheophyta (Vascular Plants) » Angiospermae (Flowering Plants) » Magnoliopsida (Dicots) » Caryophyllales (pinks, cactuses, and allies) » Polygonaceae (knotweed family) » Polygonoideae » Persicarieae » Persicariinae » Persicaria (knotweeds, smartweeds, and waterpeppers) » Persicaria pensylvanica (pinkweed)

Life (root) » Plantae (plants) » Tracheophyta (Vascular Plants) » Angiospermae (Flowering Plants) » Magnoliopsida (Dicots) » Caryophyllales (pinks, cactuses, and allies) » Polygonaceae (knotweed family) » Polygonoideae » Persicarieae » Persicariinae » Persicaria (knotweeds, smartweeds, and waterpeppers) » Persicaria lapathifolia (smartweed)

Life (root) » Plantae (plants) » Tracheophyta (Vascular Plants) » Angiospermae (Flowering Plants) » Magnoliopsida (Dicots) » Caryophyllales (pinks, cactuses, and allies) » Polygonaceae (knotweed family) » Polygonoideae » Persicarieae » Persicariinae » Persicaria (knotweeds, smartweeds, and waterpeppers) » Persicaria hydropiperoides (swamp smartweed)